Herein, we aim to describe features of neovascularization in PDR using OCTA, complementing previous observations. 24, 25 In PDR, OCTA can be useful to visualize retinal nonperfusion areas (NPAs) and the presence of blood flow in NVCs and IRMAs. 19 – 25 OCTA provides two and three-dimensional noninvasive vascular mapping at the microcirculation level. 16 OCT angiography (OCTA) is a more recent technique that identifies vascular structures by detecting the change in backscattering between consecutive B-scans and then attributing the differences to the flow of erythrocytes through retinal blood vessels. 15, 17, 18 One study described the use of spectral-domain OCT to distinguish quiescent from active NVCs, since active NVCs had a higher presence of vitreous hyperreflective dots whereas quiescent NVCs were associated with features more suggestive of fibrotic changes, including adjacent epiretinal membrane, inner retinal tissue contracture, protrusion towards the vitreous and frank vitreous invasion. 12, 13, 16, 18 Also, NVCs can be differentiated from intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) since the neovascularization breaches the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and grows into the posterior hyaloid. 13, 14, 16 – 18 Prior reports describe NVD as hyperreflective lesions over the optic disc with NVE appearing as flat vessels arising from the inner retina which then grow as hyperreflective loops. 12 – 18 With OCT, it is possible to evaluate neovascular complexes (NVCs) in their earliest stages and to identify associated vitreoretinal interface changes. OCT is used routinely in diabetic retinopathy to evaluate macular edema, 7 – 11 but can also be helpful in evaluating morphologic changes in PDR related to neovascularization. 6 OCT is a noninvasive technique that provides images of the retinal structure typically displayed as cross-sections. 4 – 6 Also, since fluorescent signals originating in both the superficial and deep capillary networks are projected onto a single plane, it is impossible to identify in which of these retinal layers the vascular abnormalities exist. While FA is considered the gold standard, it is an invasive technique. There are several established imaging techniques to evaluate PDR, with fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) being the most relevant. ![]() All rights reserved.Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is characterized by the presence of neovascularization, which can lead to severe visual loss resulting from hemorrhagic and/or tractional complications. You can check out all of the planned events on the Alabama High School Rodeo Association website. These young ladies will be at the Garrett Coliseum competing March 12th and 13th. "I've been working all week for this moment," said Hoagland. ![]() It's a sport that doesn't get a ton of attention but these athletes work just as hard as all the others, and they have to take care of and feed the horses too. They compete in a variety of events, and while they all cheer each other on, they're pretty competitive too. If you don't have the grades you can't rodeo." "But you also have to keep up with your school work. "You get to ride whenever you want to," said Hoagland. That doesn't mean school takes a back seat. Being home schooled allows for a lot of flexibility, so they can practice during the day and leave town Friday mornings to get to competitions. ![]() Most of the students in the rodeo association are home schooled.
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